Application of Auditing Theory and Practice

Evaluating is a piece of hierarchical administration, it is clarified as the way toward looking at the money related reports of a business venture as introduced in the business yearly reports, a free individual or an association plays out the review procedure. The movement and advancement of hierarchical execution is cultivated by leading review and understanding the inspecting hypothesis and related practices (Arens, et al., 2012). Inspecting is likewise laid out as the foundational and impartial assessment of associations books of records, legal data, archives and vouchers of an association to envision how some separation the monetary articulations further to non-financial revelations present authentic and reasonable perspective on the business enterprise (Eilifsen, et al., 2013). Reviewing and consistence rehearses attempt guarantee that the authoritative money related books are successfully kept up as required by the global evaluating standard board, and in the event that the y are kept up under the guideline gave by the current laws. Inspecting autonomy is sketched out as the freedom of the outside and inward reviewer from different gatherings and people who may have monetary and budgetary enthusiasm for the business endeavor that is being evaluated. As per Arens, Elder, and Mark 2012, the reviewers indepence requires respectability and fundamental review measure to the evaluating systems. The examination uncovers that, a few elements may influence the uprightness and inspecting measures and procedure of an auditor (Arens, et al., 2012). Then again, the reviewers uprightness is likewise influenced by the business chance, these hazard impact the decisional making procedure of inspectors and top authoritative administration. In any case, reviewing rehearses constrain the inspector to place into activities and measures which may be essential even as playing out the practices. Inspecting arranging is the key administration degree for reviewing, it did toward the start of the review procedure this is to ensure that the right consideration is matured to significant regions, to sure that the limit issues are speedily distinguished and practical arrangements are produced to decrease the impact (Elder, et al., 2011). The fundamental motivation behind empowering the review arranging is to guarantee that all the review work are completely completed and composed. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) is a review organization this is distinguished for demonstrating the top notch administrations in the review business undertaking; Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) is business venture that gives travel administration. The two organizations have thought about the significance of market division and broadening their endeavor activity a long way from their close by showcase. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is reconnected by Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) to offer review benefits before presenting their 30 June 2015 budgetary report to the partners. The variables influencing the uprightness and evaluating approach utilized by the inspectors could influence dynamic process (Gay and Simnett, 2000). Qualified and non-qualified review sentiment is the applicable ideas that are utilized to draft the review report. This is an essential factor influencing the freedom and the choices to be reached by an auditor.â The size if the review firm infers the size of the business venture to be examined and the specific inspecting firm. As per this contextual analysis, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is a review firm that has been giving review administrations to little market the organization is additionally to offer its types of assistance to Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) that plays out its business exercises in Asia, Europe and U.S advertise. The bigger the review firm the lesser the effect of weaknesses, the littler the review organization there will be more factors that will influence the autonomy of the review company (Eilifsen, et al., 2001). This is among the risky dangers which may the autonomy of the review organization. The prompting danger suggests that, a few partners may have the monetary and budgetary enthusiasm for the organization to be evaluated. As per the contextual analysis, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company and Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) have been teaming up for quite a long time this could fabricate some enthusiasm between themselves (Jackson, 2016). Consequently, the inspector is constrained to introduce review supposition that favors the partner who has financial and business intrigue. The dangers in regards to the referrals from the client impacts the autonomy of a reviewer. Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company is a review firm that has been offering review administrations to Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH); Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) may make numerous referrals to the inspector, and along these lines influencing the review procedure and of the Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company. The hierarchical control excessively affects the review feeling to be made with the guide of the utilization of the evaluator, the authoritative apex should influence this studies in see that they may compel the inspector to use the referrals made. Extravagance Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) and Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company had been partaking for over one years. Extravagance Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) might need to allude the bookkeeping division to make acclimations to organization book of records, those progressions and change made are should influence the discoveries of the examiner and therefore the review freedom is consequently influenced. The accomplishment of each working business association is controlled by the degree and how the organization is engaged with the review rehearses. The freedom of the inspectors ought not be impact since they force some negative impacts to the discoveries that are utilized as the premise of the review feeling which is the essential component of review report. The size of the firm is classifications to be the danger that influences the reviewer freedom, the authoritative administration of Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) ought to consider the size of the firm that will play out the review rehearses. Thus, Clarke and Johnson (CJI) Company ought to guarantee that they make and execute approaches that will restrict dangers influencing their freedom. Exhorting dangers is a deadly segment that impacts the freedom of an examiner. The applicable review assessment to be used by an evaluator should be founded absolutely on the momentary discoveries. The evaluators are supported not to give any monetary or budgetary forewarned to their customers in light of the fact that their discoveries after the proposal will affect the review opinion (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Various referrals could likewise influence the evaluator's sentiment. As indicated by the contextual investigation both business ventures have been doing business for various years, Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) could make referrals to the fund office to make the change in accordance with certain vouchers and reports, this is to introduce the enthusiasm of some administration people. Customers are prompted not to make any referrals to any offices, the specific finding of the evaluator depicts that the association needs to execute on some pertinent measures. As indicated by Gay, and Simnett, 2000, review arranging is vital control measure for evaluating, it led toward the start of the review method this is to ensure that the correct intrigue is aged to fundamental hierarchical territories. This is to learn that the potential issues are instantly perceived and suitable arrangement are produced to diminish their effect, to ensure that all reviewing work is finished and facilitated. While creating and making the review rehearses, there are a few components that may influence the inspecting procedures (Lyon and Maher, 2005). Clarke and Johnson Company and Luxury Travel Holidays LTD (LTH) are presently contemplated to work in new markets. New markets are limited and guided by methods for business laws and guidelines which are outperformed through the bureaucratic governments (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Subsequently, the associations that work outside their close by showcase are influenced by the legitimate procedures that are utilized to control the business undertakings with regards to their business exercises. U.S Common Laws are the instances of the business law that are utilized to manage association business exercises U.S and European market (Johnstone, 2000). Financial danger is the essential outer ecological factor that impacts the tasks business enterprise in global markets. They join components, for example, GDP and interesting nation money related improvement cites. A few markets are influenced by down-tuning financial turns of events, monetary standards additionally influence the exercises of a business association. For example, U.S money is an all around acknowledged cash, it is utilized in the universal market for the trading of products and services (Sadgrove, 2016). As per Jackson 2016, the declining in item request is a showcasing factor beginning secondary selling division and broadening. Working in an extended commercial center spot make a space for additional partnerships to make items and administrations which take after the ones created by utilizing the current organizations (Jackson, 2016). Organizations working in the more extensive market are upheld to guarantee that they produce quality items and administrations that meet the serious market they work in. As indicated by Johnstone 2000, money related perils chance contains those financial angles that stand up in view of absence of fiscal administration methodology and measures. The financial overall commercial center has encountered numerous issues that have influenced the activity of business endeavor organizations, principally Crampton and Hasaad and Mining Supplies LTD (MSL) corporations (Johnstone, 2000). The examination directed by Knechel 2007 reasoned that the monetary adds to the financial disappointments of an organization that works internationally (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). Innate review chance is the hazard that includes the material misquote in the budget report of an inst

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay Example for Free

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay My preferred business person: Ms. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was naturally introduced to destitution by an adolescent single parent in 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. For the most punctual long periods of her life she was raised by her maternal grandma, and under her sort hearted discipline was instructed to peruse by the age of two and talk particularly by the age of three. When Winfrey was six years of age, she was sent to live with her mom in Wisconsin. She was lowered into downtown Milwaukee, and confronted the hardships of experiencing childhood in the urban ghetto. Her mom had numerous issues of her own and was so devoured by them that she couldn't concentrate on her girl. This had numerous unfriendly outcomes, and left Winfrey helpless against different checks of sexual maltreatment at an early age, including by her moms sweetheart, an adolescent cousin, and a family companion. She likewise got pregnant at 14 years old, yet her child kicked the bucket at earliest stages. As she got more established, she battled with prejudice and was victimized by her friends due to her financial status. The disregard and issues she experienced drove Winfrey to build up a forceful mentality, and in the long run her mom could no longer arrangement with Winfreys misconduct thus she sent her to live with her dad in Nashville, Tennessee. With his exacting disciplinary components and incentive for instruction, Winfreys father helped her turn her life around. She turned into a respect understudy and at 17 years old started her telecom vocation on the radio broadcast WVOL. She earned a grant to Tennessee State University and contemplated show and discourse. At 19 years old she handled a stay position for WTVF-TV, Nashvilles CBS member. Here she was the main African-American and the most youthful individual to ever be a grapple on the system. Not very late subsequently in 1976 she moved to Boston to take on a situation as co-stay for WJZ-TV nightly news. Be that as it may, it was difficult for her to contain her feelings on a significant number of her accounts, and her connection to the topic made her a poor fit for the position. She was terminated thus. By the by, a director at the system saw her capacity to interface intimately with the subjects and her incredible relational abilities and found a position progressively fit towards her as a co-have on television show People Are Talking. The show’s appraisals took off, and Winfreys achievement stood out in the Midwest where she was offered a situation as grapple on AM Chicago. It in a flash turned into the #1 neighborhood syndicated program and inside a year was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was before long gotten in 120 urban areas and turned into the nation’s top syndicated program. Be that as it may, Winfrey didn't care for working for another person, and in 1986 she established Harpo, Inc. what's more, took on the Oprah Winfrey Show by 1988 in her own studio in Chicago. The third lady in history to possess and deliver her own show, just as the primary African-American to claim her own amusement creation organization, Winfrey was underwriting achievement. The early long stretches of the program was delegated a newspaper television show, anyway as years went on Winfrey embraced more extensive subjects, for example, malady, otherworldliness, substance misuse, geopolitics, household themes, VIP meetings, and altruism. She herself has gotten one of our universes most noted givers and furthermore has broadcast giveaways. Notwithstanding her television show, Winfrey acted and voiced-over in various motion pictures and TV appears, just as ones she created herself like The Women of Brewster Place and Brewster Place. Besides, Winfrey has co-composed five books and distributes O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home, which was named the best beginning up ever in the business by Fortune in 2002. She likewise made her site Oprah. com, one of the top womens ways of life sites, just as Oprah’s Book Club, the biggest book club on the planet. Winfrey went on to help establish womens satellite TV station Oxygen. In January, 2011, Discovery Health Channel was changed into another station called OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey, for a long time presently, has been seen as the most influential lady in media outlets, and even past media outlets. The Wall Street Journal authored the term Oprahfication meaning treatment through open admission, and there have been various episodes of the Oprah impact where her popular conclusions impact customer decisions. She has been welcomed onto the corporate sheets of ATamp;T, Ralph Lauren, and Intel, all of which she turned down. Winfrey holds a genuinely private individual and business life, as the entirety of her workers are vowed to keep things hidden for the staying of their lives, and she holds full control in the entirety of her dispersion manages ABC, Oxygen Network, and Hearst Magazines. She additionally holds 90% of Harpos stock. By the age of 41, Winfrey had a total assets of $340 million and supplanted Bill Cosby as the main African American on the Forbes 400. She has remained the main African American to rank among Americas 400 most extravagant individuals almost consistently since 1995, and is the ichest African American of the twentieth century. From 2004 to 2006 Winfrey was the universes just dark tycoon and the principal dark lady extremely rich person in world history. In 2010 she assumed the title of the most extravagant independent lady in America. Her 2011 pay was $290 million and she had a set worth of $2. 7 billion. All through this all, Winfrey is carries on with her life by two standar ds: carry on with an extraordinary life for yourself and have any kind of effect on the planet. These have been rousing variables for Winfrey too defeat the various battles throughout her life and pull forward to a positive result. Her scholarly and passionate characteristics made ready for her to truly associate with different individuals of contrast foundations, qualities, and encounters, and to open up a wide range of topic in a some-how happy with setting albeit exceptionally open. Her open talking and capable correspondence capacities permitted her to develop as such a solid up-and-comer in the business. Indeed, even with that, Winfrey is a lady of personal development and took comedy classes at Chicagos own Second City to chip away at her quality and mind in high weight circumstances like on syndicated programs and live TV. Be that as it may, her prosperity isnt all in her telecom or television shows. Truth be told, Winfrey says her prosperity started as a third grader when she turned her book report in ahead of schedule. She remains by the plans to consistently go the additional mile, and that we are completely qualified for progress. Leave greatness alone your image, Winfrey says at a 2012 discourse to Spellman College graduates. Winfrey is a solid devotee to making the best choice, and she ensures that doing right will just consider option to return to you and convey you on your approach to progress. Another point Winfrey firmly maintains is figuring out how to serve. She says that she doesnt serve TV she serves the world through TV, and that is the thing that every one of us ought to do as we discover our specialties to utilize our prosperity as an approach to serve. Moreover, Winfrey trusts it is vital to know what your identity is and to assume responsibility for your life. Settling on choices for one’s self and seeking after objectives is completely basic on the off chance that one needs to discover achievement. Winfrey had the option to utilize these standards, exercises from her life, and her actual interests and gifts to go from clothes to newfound wealth, to turn into the Queen of syndicated programs, and a recorded achievement legend.

5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers

5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers 5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers A discourse is a sort of introduction that is fundamental to plan accurately. Your discourse needs to charm the crowd and move them such that different introductions don't. Ronald Reagan’s exhibitions were constantly amazing, and following his mind blowing model can give us motivation to compose better. Obviously, in the event that we need to arrive at the most significant level of discourse composing, we need to rehearse a ton and hone our aptitudes. Here are 5 hints on the best way to make an ideal discourse in a similar vein as the acclaimed Ronald Reagan speech specialists do this. 1. Significant Research Truly do your examination †not surface skimming of a couple of short pieces, however significant research. In the event that you generally consider what you need to discuss for some time before you need to do it, your thoughts won't be something like this that you read off a paper and overlook in a split second. Rather, they will be a piece of you, and your planning will appear in your certainty. A discourse is a sort of introduction that you can’t simply spur of the moment on the off chance that you don’t recognize what you truly feel about the specific point. It should take you some exploration. 2. Target Audience Attempt to comprehend the crowd. It is very critical to know whom you will be addressing. On the off chance that you’re tending to understudies, they won’t be keen on realizing how to pull back an annuity, and if your crowd is only retired people, they won’t be keen on unsafe ventures that take around 30 years to be beneficial. In the event that there are specific vested parties, consider their specific concerns and figure out how to include them in the body of your discourse. Don’t think they won’t notice in the event that you forget about them. Seeing things from your audience’s perspective is fundamental to associate with them while talking. 3. Individual Experience Recount to real stories from your own life or the lives of others whom you know. Nothing gets a group of people inspired by, similar to a story where they need to continue tuning in so they can discover what will occur toward the end. It doesn’t must be an exciting story, and you unquestionably shouldn’t overstate what truly occurred. Indeed, even a short tale can enable your central matters to soak in and make them increasingly relatable to your crowd †as it were, they bring the discourse down from a theoretical level to reality. 4. Made List Make a rundown of focuses to cover before you start. All together not to miss anything, you need to make a few notes. The request is basic here. You can even now gaze upward into the essences of the crowd and talk on the spur of the moment on a similar level, however you need to ensure that you are not missing a fundamental structure square. 5. Communicated Emotions Utilize the feeling of wonderful, graceful language. In no discourse of Reagan’s was this more evident than in the troublesome location he gave following the Challenger’s blast and the passings of six crew member and a teacher. Peggy Noonan, a little-known speech specialist, has made the ideal words for the event by recalling a sonnet from her adolescence and remembering phrases from it for the discourse. Who can overlook Reagan saying, â€Å"We will always remember them, nor the last time we saw them, at the beginning of today, as they arranged for their excursion and waved farewell and ‘slipped the sullen obligations of earth’ to ‘touch the substance of God.† It is rarely past the point of no return, or too soon to rehearse your composition just as to hone your composing aptitudes. Follow these tips to give your talks snappy and vital for the crowd.

The Seven Phases of Senior Year

Senior year is an emotional roller coaster. I wish I could say it felt like this. But a lot of the time it feels like this†¦ Here’s what all you underclassmen have to look forward to: Phase One: Big dogs on campus It’s the first day of school. You drive up to campus in your own car, feeling pretty awesome about it. Maybe you even have â€Å"SEN1OR5S† written in washable paint on the windows. You and your friends walk past the freshmen, who basically look like elementary school students. For the whole month of September, you’re feeling like you run the school. Phase Two: OH WAIT I have college apps (panic ensues) Senior year is not all fun and games! You have a lot of work to get done. Will you ever perfect your Common Application essay? How are you ever going to get all of those supplements done? You better get started. Phase Three: Work 24/7 People aren’t lying when they say first semester senior year is the hardest time of high school. You’re balancing homework, applications, extracurricular activities and maybe even SATs. Plus, colleges are watching. This is your last chance to redeem yourself if your GPA isn’t as high as you wanted it to be. Phase Four: Winter Break Winter break is an exciting time for many reasons. First of all, you’re off school for a little while, so that’s obviously nice. And you also get to celebrate because you’ve finished the hell that was first semester. You’ve likely even finished college applications. Now you get to look forward to the legendary second semester of senior year, when grades don’t matter very much and you can have a lot more fun. But winter break can also be the beginning of a whole different kind of stress. If you applied early, this is when you hear back from schools. And although it’s great that your college applications are submitted, all you can do now is wait Phase Five: Senioritis When second semester hits, everyone feels completely done with any and all schoolwork. Many of us spend our time sleeping and watching Netflix. A bad test grade here and there? Who cares! Phase Six: At each other’s throats When we reach the middle of March, tension seems to pervade the senior class. College acceptance and rejection letters are pouring in, and everyone needs to make their final decision about where they want to go. There’s competition and drama when one person gets in and another doesn’t, so be extra sensitive to everyone’s feelings at this time. Phase Seven: Party time! What a relief! We’re finally done!!! Now it’s time for graduation parties, then summer vacation. We look back with nostalgia on the past four years, but we’re mostly just excited for the next four.

The Documentary That Sugar Film By Damon Gameau Replaces...

â€Å"Big Food† intentionally overlooks sugar as the main culprit for obesity, putting the blame on calories instead. Many food and beverage labels proudly announce the low amount of calories found in any given product. This is all part of a marketing plan that involves yet another propaganda trick known as â€Å"Glittering Generalities†. Donna Woolfolk explains glittering generalities as â€Å"[trying] to get us to accept and agree without examining the evidence† (Cross 210-11). Glittering generalities is being used when we hear the slogans and phrases â€Å"You Are What You Eat,† â€Å"A Calorie is a Calorie† or â€Å"Energy Balance† (calories in must match calories out), all of which emphasize that calories count. This simply is not true. In the documentary That Sugar Film, Damon Gameau replaces his whole foods diet with foods that are marketed as healthy but contain large amounts of hidden sugar. He tested the theory of counting calories and the results showed that he was actually consuming less calories per day than when on his regular whole foods diet. Yet within six weeks, Damon had gained 15 pounds and at least eight centimeters around his waste. Obviously not all calories are the same because nutrient rich foods and vegitables contain fiber and other essential properties that allow food to be processed more efficiently within our bodies. So when Coca-Cola released an advertisement stating that â€Å"All calories count, no matter where they come from, including Coca-Cola [beverages]† they are clearly

President Franklin D. Roosevelt And The Great Depression...

In the beginning of the United States, government pioneers generally abstained from managing business. As the twentieth century drew closer, in any case, the union of U.S. industry into progressively intense enterprises prodded government intercession to ensure little organizations and purchasers. In 1890, Congress authorized the Sherman Antitrust Act, a law intended to reestablish rivalry and free endeavor by separating imposing business models. In 1906, it passed laws to guarantee that sustenance and medications were effectively named and that meat was investigated before being sold. In 1913, the administration set up another government managing an account framework, the Federal Reserve, to direct the country s cash supply and to place a few controls on saving money exercises. The biggest changes in the administration s part happened amid the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt s reaction to the Great Depression. Amid this period in the 1930s, the United States persevered through the most noticeably awful business emergency and the most noteworthy rate of unemployment in its history. Numerous Americans presumed that free private enterprise had fizzled. So they looked to government to straightforwardness hardships and lessen what had all the earmarks of being self-dangerous rivalry. Roosevelt and the Congress instituted a large group of new laws that gave government the ability to mediate in the economy. In addition to other things, these laws managed offers ofShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression By President Franklin D. Roosevelt1304 Words   |  6 PagesCONTENTS PRINT CITE The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. 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The Great Depression caused a deafening blow in the economyRead MoreTaking a look at the Great Depression 795 Words   |  3 Pages Great Depression The great depression was one of the worst disasters that occurred in U.S history. October 29, 1929, is the day the stock market crashed, and that day was the beginning of The â€Å"Great Depression†. Many US citizens suffered through this depression, children couldn’t go to school because their parents couldn’t afford to buy school supplies, and children had to work at a young age. Families lost their homes to the bank and they were forced to create homes out of driftwoodRead MoreA Man With No Bounds Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt he is not just a person, he is a legacy the way he approached problems in his time â€Å"in charge†. 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With recent development with radio technology, his democratic views had a great influence and heRead MoreThe Legacy Of Franklin D. Roosevelt1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking about our 32nd president of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He’s one of America’s greatest presidents who accomplished more than we could have hoped for. A man of few words citizens would say, yet each word was a something to remember. I believe that he was in fact the most effective president the US has had so far. This president was the most precise, straightforward president; he got what was needed to get the job done. He did what no other president would have been able toRead MoreGreat Depression Essay examples1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a difficult time for all the American people. It was a time of unemployment, falling wages, and hope for recovery (â€Å"Chapter 27†). Some of the causes of the Great Depression were government policies, economic factors, and the gold standard (â€Å"Chapter 27†). Other reasons included the fall of the stock market, overseas investments, and the investments in Florida real estate (Farless). The president at the time of this difficult time was President Herbert Hoover. When theRead MoreEssay on APUSH DBQ- Hoover vs. Roosevelt774 Words   |  4 Pages#3 President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the thirty-second president of the United States, was a central figure for the United States in the 20th Century. While leading his country out of The Great Depression, he also led the nation through World War II. Herbert Hoover, the thirty-first President, led the country during the Great Depression and his policies enforced at that time eventually led to his downfall because of their inability to end the downward economic spiral. Both of these Presidents greatly

CRM and Salesforce Product

Question: Discuss about the CRM and Salesforce Product. Answer: CRM Solution Comparison For the purpose of this study, two of the top CRM software systems are being studied and these include Salesforce CRM and Microsoft Dynamics CRM solution. Microsoft Dynamics CRM: Microsoft has two versions of its CRM solution that include online solution and on-premises or private cloud solution. Microsoft Dynamic online CRM solution provides multi-tenancy capability for the application instance but single tenancy on database instance. User licenses of the product are available for basic, essentials and professional versions. The base storage available is 5GB in the basic version and this capacity is scaled up by 2.5GB for with every 20 additional professional User Subscription Licenses. Salesforce CRM: Salesforce CRM is a SaaS based cloud solution that provides most of the general features provided by cloud based CRM solutions in the market including CSV format recognition, mobile application, and visualization, connectivity between users, messaging, emailing, and customized search capability. Besides these, the solution also has some additional capabilities such as real times updates on contacts, accounts, documents and opportunities, consolidation of account history with customer contacts and communications, social media insights, ability to respond to leads from mobile, multiple channel campaign tracking, deals information, forecasting, analytics, partner community development and application library. Comparison Feature Salesforce Microsoft Dynamics CRM Subscription model Hosted subscription only On-premises and hosted online subscriptions available Releases 3 per year 2 per year Editions Different Editions: Contact Manager;Group;Professional;Enterprise;Unlimited Different deployment models: On-Premise;Online;Partner Hosted Pricing $5 -$250 /user/month $44 /user/month subscription cost Storage 1 GB data and 11 GB file storage 5GB storage with additional storage at $10 /month Data Center Top-tier global infrastructure Data centers located in Washington, Illinois, Ireland and Texas SLA SLA not available publically 99.9% uptime guarantee Support for browsers Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari (release 12) Support for devices iPhone, Blackberry Any mobile browser can be used for scaled down version of UI, 3rd party providers available Navigation Top of screen menu with tabs; recent items in left sidebar Tabbed ribbon on top; Left sidebar for workspace selection, recent items and lists can be added in sidebar Search Global search box on top Quick find box on top right for searching any entity Records display All records displayed in single window by default Records open in new tab and its different views in same tab Navigation through records Field section show current records displayed on top with section below displaying related record lists Read only fields in header and footer; Navigation links can be clicked to jump to different sections Forms Multiple screen layouts as per record types Multiple screen layouts as per user role Reporting Drag and drop, tabular, summary, matrix and groups created from different objects Report wizard allow filters, access to primary records, related records and allow grouping of columns in layout Custom reports Define objects, define relationships, cross object reporting Business Intelligence Development Studio creates highly customized reports that span across entities. Scheduling Schedules reports can be emailed in text format SQL used for server reporting and report scheduler tool for creation of custom workflow with reports to be emailed in scheduled times. Charts Chart type and data points defined for specific reports Chart editor allow customization to create multiple types Dashboards Customizable dashboards that can be arrange in tabs; default adoption dashboard giving information on how others use system Real time dashboards with all entity information having multiple formats Fields Administrators can add new fields to objects New fields can be added to existing or custom entities Objects Object can be added having relationship with parent object , master detail or many to many relationship Entities added can be related to other entities with one to one, many to one or one to many relationships or cascading Development APEX allow advanced development SDK allow advanced development and integration and .NET framework can be used for writing custom codes Advanced search Search filters for objects or ownership criteria Any field within any entity can be searched and result can be saved as a view for single time Duplicate entry detection Matches found for lead, account, contact and opportunities One entity and its sub records can be checked for duplicates Background process notify duplication and suggest action Records merging Up to 3 records can be merged into one for creating master record and remaining records go to recycle bin Only 2 records can be merged and records not needed are marked inactive Workflow Workflow rules are triggered by record creation; processes have to be approved Windows Workflow Foundation is used and workflow can be made automatic or can be run on demand; Dialogues used for guiding users through Wizard Authentication Tow factor authentication including login code and email code Windows Live ID used for authentication on any machine Data importing Data loaded is used for importing object, contact or account data into object Import Data Wizard used for importing database, accounts, and contact records Outlook integration Free plugin for Outlook 2007 and 2010 Native outlook client which is connected even offline Office integration Microsoft word and excel add ins available with support for 1000 records per merge Word mail merges can be initiated from CRM; Personal or organizational merges to single contacts for multiple records in single pages available; Static or dynamic worksheets can be imported in excel, pivot table can be linked to CRM Collaboration Salesforce chatter is a proprietary collaboration tool Collaboration with SharePoint server for document sharing, reporting, and information sharing. Yammer integration released in 2012 Lead capture HTML web forms used for lead generation Landing pages can be created within web forms 3rd Party Solutions Internal AppExchange and 3rd party solutions Microsoft Dynamics Marketplace provide solutions that can be imported to CRM(BRITE GLOBAL, INC., 2013) Information Technology Innovations Sales force CRM is ideal for organizations having large workforce. For a huge database of organization, the solution provides improved forecasting accuracy with consolidated view of all the account activities over cloud. A peek into account and transaction history can increase visibility of the system performance and same customers can be reached by the cloud user for cross-selling. Salesforce solution allows complete phase out of legacy system such that entire CRM capabilities are built into Sales force CRM(Wipro, 2015). Some of the business benefits that Salesforce CRM can provide to an organization include: With online capabilities, people working on salesforce CRM can collaborate in new ways that is not possible with the on premise CRM With social media incorporated in marketing technology of solution, a 360 degree view of customer can be obtained Business case could be studied with hypothesis testing for obtaining agility of SaaS model With reduced redundancies, maintenance costs are reduced(Raj, Garlotte, Taylor, 2014) Microsoft CRM has its own business benefits. First, the solution is backed with finance which is used for providing assurance of 99.9% uptime which makes them accountable to customers. Cost of Microsoft CRM has al-functions included at one price making it a cost effective solution and thus, can be used by large as well as smaller corporations. The solution allows more storage capabilities of over 5GB as compared to Salesforce with its online and on-premise versions combined. Outlook users can keep CRM information saved locally as Outlook is a proprietary software of Microsoft. However, in case of Salesforce, a company would have to pay extra to gain offline access which increases overall costs(Microsoft, 2015). Security Risks Security of data is the biggest concern in the cloud computing as it works on a data sharing model and thus, associated risks have to be addressed carefully by the cloud service provider in order to remain effective and protect information assets of the organization using CRM solution over cloud. The maintenance of security of the systems over cloud is a joint responsibility of the cloud service provider and the organization using the solution. Clarity is thus required on what security related areas have to be managed by the cloud service provider(Merrill, 2014). In case of CRM, the cloud platform faces certain risks very prominently as suggested by Cloud Service Alliance (CSA) such as hacking, illegal access to networks, information stealing, data loss, data segregation, and privacy encroachments. Data faces a risk of loss or theft while in transit and thus, encryption and authentication are required to be established while transferring a data over cloud. This can be done through the use of IPSec (Internet Protocol Security). For prevention from the hackers, anti-virus software may be used over the cloud by the service provider(Ahmat, 2013). Microsoft Dynamics CRM uses anti-virus and anti-spam technologies to protect their cloud platform. The security features are built into the online CRM solution itself at no additional costs for implementation. Administrators can use these features for performing couple of tasks such as controlling permissions, defining security policies, and set compliance requirements. A procedure called Governance, Risk and Compliance is used for analysis and mitigation planning for security risks faced by the cloud platform. Governance concerns with policies, employee training on security aspects, and monitoring of employee activities to check if their actions adhere to policy requirements. Risk management process used by Microsoft for its CRM involves a systematic flow of activities including identification of risks, their analysis, evaluation of potential impact, and identification of remedy and mitigation of identified risks. Risk mitigation plan prioritizes risks based on their organizational impact levels. The objectives of GRC program include assurance of data privacy, compliance, confidentiality, and provision of data for appropriate decision making to arrive at security specific solutions in case of issues. The risk management process used by Microsoft is designed considering certain privacy and confidentiality principles including honoring of policies, minimization of unauthorized access, minimization of data loss impact, application of document controls, use of data classification for critical and sensitive data, deployment of data stewards who can ensure control of data assets, development of a secure infrastructure, identity and access control measures, information protection, establishing of auditing and reporting procedures(Microsoft Corporation, 2013). In case of Salesforce, the security governance is based on ISO 27002 framework that takes into consideration certain components for maintenance of security and these include employees, security staff, counsel, assessments, and policies. Employees receive security and privacy training as per the demand of their roles. Further, to support clients, Salesforce has a dedicated staff of Certified Information Systems Security professionals that are available to guide organizations into security aspects. It also has a Global Privacy counsel that helps organizations with compliance issues. Regular vulnerability assessments on internal and external usage of cloud are conducted by Salesforce for identifying and resolving vulnerabilities. In each phase of solution development, Salesforce has certain guiding principles for maintaining security including designing, coding, testing, and stage prior to release. The company makes its own systems secure by deploying certain major security measures such as Stateful Packet Inspection, Bastion Hosts, Two-factor authentication, End to End TLS/SSL and so on. Case Studies Figure 1: Laudon Case Study Diagram (Laudon Laudon, 2014) As per the Laudon case study diagram, when adopting an information technology solution like CRM, four key areas of company are affected and thus, decisions are based on the impact this technology is likely have on these areas. These include management of the organization, organization, its information system, arising business challenges that are currently faced by the organization and solutions that can be arrived at with the use of technology. This case study approach can be used to make a comparison between two available CRM technologies such that a decision may be taken for choosing the more suitable solution for organizational need. How each of the Laudon case study aspects are affected in case of CRM solution for each option is illustrated in the table below: Laudon Case Study Factor Salesforce CRM Microsoft Dynamics CRM Management: Management is concerned with two aspects of technology and these are knowledge management and training requirement Management requires knowledge to be able to make decisions and Salesforce offers capturing of expert knowledge both through web self-service option and through Salesforce Agents. Salesforce Service Cloud provides highest level of Knowledge Centered Services (KCS) verification. Salesforce agents contribute to content through updates on best implementation practices of knowledge acquisition and management. eGain which is one of the Customer engagement application provided by AppExchange engine of Salesforce allows capturing of customer knowledge through recording of all kinds of interactions with them including chats and emails. Contact center agents help customers resolve their queries through the platform. For people of the organization to be able to work on Salesforce CRM, training and expert certification is provided by the company which enables professionals to develop intelligent cloud based applications over salesforce and use the knowledge for operating and customizing CRM solution. Different levels of certifications are provided including cloud consultant, developer and administrator Knowledge management suite of Microsoft can be integrated with the CRM such that solution agents are added with ability to collaborate and use a centralized repository for getting real time information. A seamless on demand access if provided to each agent through Moxie knowledge solution. With single user credentials both CRM and Moxie knowledge management system can be used(Moxie, 2015). In the current release of Microsoft CRM, some capabilities of knowledge management are added within solution such as content authoring, video and graphics embedding, versioning, translation and knowledge management dashboards providing life cycle reviews, schedule details, and context search. For training, Microsoft provides Dynamics CRM certifications that can be studied both online and in classrooms where professionals are trained on using and developing applications over CRM solution Organization Change in the learning process and in the organizational culture Employees need to gain expert knowledge through certification processes for using the CRM solution and thus, users adopting solution have high degree of capabilities. As Salesforce adopted can facilitate relief from legacy systems, the organization would start using the solution for all CRM needs which would need a change in culture as employees would have to become customer centric which is the approach taken on development of the CRM solution. Further, people would have to start taking and understanding 360 degree view of customers which would enable all users to have both technical and management capabilities. Employees need to gain expert knowledge through certification processes for using the CRM solution and thus, users adopting solution have high degree of capabilities. The culture of the organization would face a change with move into the cloud solution and collaborations would happen online with real time visibility into each others work. Employee would require to be more trusting and closely collaborating with increased capability to respond faster to their clients with availability of real time data and information. Information systems The legacy systems can be eliminated and all other capabilities can be integrated with Salesforce. This would reduce cost of implementation and operation with single license of Salesforce. Most organizations already use Microsoft solutions for OS, Office and the use of its CRM would make integration with older systems easy. Organization would get add on benefits and easy implementation with integration with its legacy systems Business Challenges Solutions Some of the major challenges in a business can be resolved with the use of Salesforce CRM such as understanding of customers as it provides a 360 degree view with marketing information integration, centralization of information, fast collaboration capabilities such that all partners have visibility into processes and so on Microsoft Dynamics provide cash flow capabilities that simplifies accounting practices of the company which can be avoid a major challenge that can result from financial crisis which is avoided with high level of visibility into accounts. The reporting to management can become complicated with increased staff but with the use of Dynamics, reporting is simplified with real time connectivity(Lacouture, 2013). Recommendations Both solutions have their own benefits when considering adoption for any organization and an organization may choose to implement a solution based on their own requirements. For instance, a large organization that requires a very strong CRM solution that is also secure, may go for Salesforce. For such a company, the internal processes have to be strong and adaptable enough to release legacy system and train all employees on the new CRM solution to take the most out of Salesforce CRM. However, in case of a smaller organization with resistant employees who are used to working with office solutions, Microsoft would be an obvious choice as it would require least efforts in integration and training and at the same time, deployment would be faster and cheaper for specific suits. Thus, a company must analyze its current situation as per the Laudon case study to be able to select an appropriate solution for the organization considering requirements of implementation, training, cultural chang es and so on. References Ahmat, K. A. (2013). Emerging Cloud Computing Security Threats. City University of New York. Brite Global, Inc. (2013). CRM and Salesforce Product Comparison. Brite Global. Lacouture, P. A. (2013). 6 Reasons CFOs Select Microsoft Dynamics NAV to Solve their Business Challenges. Microsoft. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2014). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. New York: Pearson Education Limited. Laudon, K. Laudon, J. (2001).Essentials of management information systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lucey, T. (2005).Management information systems. London: Thomson Learning. McFarlan, F. McKenney, J. (1983).Corporate information systems management. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. McLeod, R. 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